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physical chemist

  • 1 physical chemist

    физхимик

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > physical chemist

  • 2 physical chemist

    Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > physical chemist

  • 3 physical chemist

    Англо-русский словарь по экологии > physical chemist

  • 4 physical chemist

    Техника: физхимик

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > physical chemist

  • 5 physical chemist

    phys.i.cal chem.ist
    [fizikəl k'emist] n físico-químico.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > physical chemist

  • 6 chemist

    2) фармацевт, аптекарь
    •

    Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > chemist

  • 7 физхимик

    physical chemist

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > физхимик

  • 8 физхимик

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > физхимик

  • 9 físicoquímico

    adj.
    physicochemical, physics and chemistry-related.
    * * *
    Ex. The biochemical and chemo-physical processes which affect the character, flavour and bouquet of wine are described.
    * * *

    Ex: The biochemical and chemo-physical processes which affect the character, flavour and bouquet of wine are described.

    * * *
    physicochemical
    * * *
    fisicoquímico, -a
    ♦ adj
    physicochemical
    ♦ nm,f
    physical chemist

    Spanish-English dictionary > físicoquímico

  • 10 мощное средство

    •

    The Mössbauer effect is a powerful tool (or instrument) in the hands of the physical chemist.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > мощное средство

  • 11 физхимик

    Engineering: physical chemist

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > физхимик

  • 12 fysiokjemiker

    subst. physical chemist

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > fysiokjemiker

  • 13 мощное средство

    •

    The Mössbauer effect is a powerful tool (or instrument) in the hands of the physical chemist.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > мощное средство

  • 14 químico

    adj.
    1 chemical.
    2 chemical, pertaining to chemistry, chemic.
    m.
    1 chemist.
    2 chemical, chemical product.
    * * *
    1 chemical
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 chemist
    * * *
    1. (f. - química)
    adj.
    2. (f. - química)
    noun
    * * *
    químico, -a
    1.
    2.
    SM / F chemist
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo chemical
    II
    - ca masculino, femenino chemist
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo chemical
    II
    - ca masculino, femenino chemist
    * * *
    químico1
    1 = chemist.

    Ex: There are many catalogs and each of them functions in a different world -- the worlds of the research chemist and of the adult, young adult, or child interested in chemistry.

    químico2
    Nota: Adjetivo.

    Ex: Entities may be physical, eg matter, or physical phenomena; chemical, eg molecular states, minerals; biological, ie living beings; or artefacts, ie manufactured items.

    * análisis químico = chemical analysis.
    * arma química = chemical weapon.
    * compuesto químico = chemical compound.
    * desastre químico = chemical disaster.
    * enlace químico = chemical bond.
    * físico-químico = physicochemical.
    * industria de la ingeniería química, la = chemical engineering industry, the.
    * industria química = chemical industry.
    * industria química, la = chemical industry, the.
    * ionización química = chemical ionisation.
    * nomenclatura química = chemical nomenclature.
    * planta química = chemical plant.
    * producto químico usado en agricultura = agrochemical.
    * tratamiento químico = chemical treatment.

    * * *
    químico1 -ca
    chemical
    químico2 -ca
    masculine, feminine
    chemist
    * * *

    químico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    chemical
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    chemist
    químico,-a
    I adjetivo chemical
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino chemist

    ' químico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abono
    - decolorar
    - enlace
    - química
    English:
    chemical
    - chemist
    * * *
    químico, -a
    ♦ adj
    chemical
    ♦ nm,f
    [científico] chemist
    * * *
    I adj chemical;
    II m, química f chemist
    * * *
    químico, -ca adj
    : chemical
    químico, -ca n
    : chemist
    * * *
    químico1 adj chemical
    químico2 n chemist

    Spanish-English dictionary > químico

  • 15 Haber, Fritz

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 9 December 1868 Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland)
    d. 29 January 1934 Basel, Switzerland
    [br]
    German chemist, inventor of the process for the synthesis of ammonia.
    [br]
    Haber's father was a manufacturer of dyestuffs, so he studied organic chemistry at Berlin and Heidelberg universities to equip him to enter his father's firm. But his interest turned to physical chemistry and remained there throughout his life. He became Assistant at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe in 1894; his first work there was on pyrolysis and electrochemistry, and he published his Grundrisse der technischen Electrochemie in 1898. Haber became famous for thorough and illuminating theoretical studies in areas of growing practical importance. He rose through the academic ranks and was appointed a full professor in 1906. In 1912 he was also appointed Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Dahlem, outside Berlin.
    Early in the twentieth century Haber invented a process for the synthesis of ammonia. The English chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes (1832–1919) had warned of the danger of mass hunger because the deposits of Chilean nitrate were becoming exhausted and nitrogenous fertilizers would not suffice for the world's growing population. A solution lay in the use of the nitrogen in the air, and the efforts of chemists centred on ways of converting it to usable nitrate. Haber was aware of contemporary work on the fixation of nitrogen by the cyanamide and arc processes, but in 1904 he turned to the study of ammonia formation from its elements, nitrogen and hydrogen. During 1907–9 Haber found that the yield of ammonia reached an industrially viable level if the reaction took place under a pressure of 150–200 atmospheres and a temperature of 600°C (1,112° F) in the presence of a suitable catalyst—first osmium, later uranium. He devised an apparatus in which a mixture of the gases was pumped through a converter, in which the ammonia formed was withdrawn while the unchanged gases were recirculated. By 1913, Haber's collaborator, Carl Bosch had succeeded in raising this laboratory process to the industrial scale. It was the first successful high-pressure industrial chemical process, and solved the nitrogen problem. The outbreak of the First World War directed the work of the institute in Dahlem to military purposes, and Haber was placed in charge of chemical warfare. In this capacity, he developed poisonous gases as well as the means of defence against them, such as gas masks. The synthetic-ammonia process was diverted to produce nitric acid for explosives. The great benefits and achievement of the Haber-Bosch process were recognized by the award in 1919 of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but on account of Haber's association with chemical warfare, British, French and American scientists denounced the award; this only added to the sense of bitterness he already felt at his country's defeat in the war. He concentrated on the theoretical studies for which he was renowned, in particular on pyrolysis and autoxidation, and both the Karlsruhe and the Dahlem laboratories became international centres for discussion and research in physical chemistry.
    With the Nazi takeover in 1933, Haber found that, as a Jew, he was relegated to second-class status. He did not see why he should appoint staff on account of their grandmothers instead of their ability, so he resigned his posts and went into exile. For some months he accepted hospitality in Cambridge, but he was on his way to a new post in what is now Israel when he died suddenly in Basel, Switzerland.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1898, Grundrisse der technischen Electrochemie.
    1927, Aus Leben und Beruf.
    Further Reading
    J.E.Coates, 1939, "The Haber Memorial Lecture", Journal of the Chemical Society: 1,642–72.
    M.Goran, 1967, The Story of Fritz Haber, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press (includes a complete list of Haber's works).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Haber, Fritz

  • 16 chemistry

    noun, no pl.
    1) no indef. art. Chemie, die
    2) (fig.) unerklärliche Wirkungskraft
    * * *
    ['kemistri] 1. noun
    ((the science that deals with) the nature of substances and the ways in which they act on, or combine with, each other: Chemistry was his favourite subject; the chemistry of the blood.) die Chemie
    - academic.ru/12290/chemical">chemical
    2. noun
    (a substance used in or obtained by a chemical process: Some chemicals give off harmful fumes.) die Chemikalie
    * * *
    chem·is·try
    [ˈkemɪstri]
    1. (study) Chemie f
    \chemistry lab[oratory] chemisches Labor, Chemielabor nt; SCH Chemiesaal m
    manufacturing \chemistry technische Chemie, Großchemie f
    physical \chemistry physikalische Chemie
    technical \chemistry technische Chemie
    2. CHEM (make-up) chemische Zusammensetzung
    3. ( fam: attraction) [geistige und körperliche] Anziehungskraft
    the \chemistry is right between them die Chemie stimmt zwischen den beiden
    * * *
    ['kemIstrɪ]
    n
    1) Chemie f; (= chemical make-up) chemische Zusammensetzung

    the chemistry between us was perfect — wir haben uns sofort vertragen, es hat sofort zwischen uns gefunkt (inf)

    the chemistry of physical attraction/of love — das Kräftespiel der körperlichen Anziehung/in der Liebe

    * * *
    chemistry [-trı] s
    1. Chemie f:
    chemistry set Chemiebaukasten m
    2. a) chemische Eigenschaften pl oder Zusammensetzung
    b) chemische Abläufe pl (im Körper)
    3. fig Wesen n, Natur f
    4. fig Harmonie f, Verträglichkeit f:
    the chemistry is right between them zwischen ihnen stimmt die Chemie;
    the chemistry between them is all wrong sie können einfach nicht miteinander
    chem. abk
    * * *
    noun, no pl.
    1) no indef. art. Chemie, die
    2) (fig.) unerklärliche Wirkungskraft
    * * *
    n.
    Chemie f.

    English-german dictionary > chemistry

  • 17 química

    adj.
    chemical.
    f.
    1 Chemistry.
    2 chemistry, chemistry course.
    * * *
    1 chemistry
    * * *
    1. f., (m. - químico) 2. f., (m. - químico) 3. noun f.
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino chemistry
    * * *
    Ex. Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.
    ----
    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * información sobre química = chemical information.
    * química analítica = analytical chemistry.
    * química inorgánica = inorganic chemistry.
    * química orgánica = organic chemistry.
    * química para la radiación = radiation chemistry.
    * * *
    femenino chemistry
    * * *

    Ex: Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.

    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * información sobre química = chemical information.
    * química analítica = analytical chemistry.
    * química inorgánica = inorganic chemistry.
    * química orgánica = organic chemistry.
    * química para la radiación = radiation chemistry.

    * * *
    (ciencia) chemistry
    ese vino es pura química that wine is full of additives and chemicals
    * * *

     

    química sustantivo femenino
    chemistry
    química sustantivo femenino chemistry
    figurado entre nosotros hay una química especial, there is a special chemistry between us
    químico,-a
    I adjetivo chemical
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino chemist
    ' química' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    estropajosa
    - estropajoso
    - formularia
    - formulario
    - práctica
    - guerra
    English:
    chemical
    - chemistry
    - industry
    - organic chemistry
    - degree
    - pharmacy
    * * *
    1. [ciencia] chemistry;
    un licenciado en química(s) a chemistry graduate
    química agrícola agrochemistry;
    química física physical chemistry;
    química industrial industrial chemistry;
    química inorgánica inorganic chemistry;
    química orgánica organic chemistry
    2. [sustancias artificiales] chemicals;
    es pura química it's full of chemicals
    3. Fam [atracción, entendimiento] chemistry;
    no hay química entre los dos políticos there's no chemistry between the two politicians
    * * *
    f chemistry
    I adj chemical;
    II m, química f chemist
    * * *
    : chemistry
    * * *
    química n chemistry

    Spanish-English dictionary > química

  • 18 Carothers, Wallace Hume

    [br]
    b. 27 April 1896 Burlington, Iowa, USA
    d. 29 April 1937 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    [br]
    American chemist, inventor of nylon.
    [br]
    After graduating in chemistry, Carothers embarked on academic research at several universities, finally at Harvard University. His earliest published papers, from 1923, heralded the brilliance and originality of his later work. In 1928, Du Pont de Nemours persuaded him to forsake the academic world to lead their new organic-chemistry group in a programme of fundamental research at their central laboratories at Wilmington, Delaware. The next nine years were extraordinarily productive, yielding important contributions to theoretical organic chemistry and the foundation of two branches of chemical industry, namely the production of synthetic rubber and of wholly synthetic fibres.
    Carothers began work on high molecular weight substances yielding fibres and introduced polymerization by condensation: polymerization by addition was already known. He developed a clear understanding of the relation between the repeating structural units in a large molecule and its physical chemical properties. In 1931, Carothers found that chloroprene could be polymerized much faster than isoprene, the monomer in natural rubber. This process yielded polychloroprene or neoprene, a synthetic rubber with improved properties. Manufacture began the following year, and the material has continued to be used for speciality rubbers.
    There followed many publications announcing new condensations polymers. On 2 January 1935, he obtained a patent for the formation of new polyamides, including one from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamene. After four years of development work, which cost Du Pont some $27 million, this new polyamide, or nylon, reached the stage of commercial production, beginning on 23 October 1938. Nylon stockings appeared the following year and 64 million were sold during the first twelve months. However, Carothers saw none of this spectacular success: he had died by his own hand in 1937, after a long history of gradually intensifying depression.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Elected to the National Academy of Science 1936 (he was the first industrial organic chemist to be so honoured).
    Bibliography
    H.M.Whitby and G.S.Whitby, 1940, Collected Papers of Wallace H.Carothers on Polymerisation, New York.
    Further Reading
    R.Adams, 1939, memoir, Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 20:293–309 (includes a complete list of Carothers's sixty-two scientific papers and most of his sixty-nine US patents).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Carothers, Wallace Hume

  • 19 Grove, Sir William Robert

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 11 July 1811 Swansea, Wales
    d. 1 August 1896 London, England
    [br]
    Welsh chemist and physicist, inventor of the Grove electrochemical primary cell.
    [br]
    After education at Brasenose College, Oxford, Grove was called to the Bar in 1835. Instead of immediately practising, he became involved in electrical research, devising in 1839 the cell that bears his name. He became Professor of Experimental Philosophy at the London Institution from 1840 to 1845; it was during this period that he built up his high reputation among physicists. In 1846 he published On the Correlation of Physical Forces, which was based on a course of his lectures. He returned to the practice of law, becoming a judge in 1871, but retained his interest in scientific research during his sixteen-year occupancy of the Bench. He served as a member of the Council of the Royal Society in 1846 and 1847 and played a leading part in its reform. Contributing to the science of electrochemistry, he invented the Grove cell, which together with its modification by Bunsen became an important source of electrical energy during the middle of the nineteenth century, before mechanically driven generators became available. The Grove cell had a platinum electrode immersed in strong nitric acid, separated by a porous diaphragm from a zinc electrode in weak sulphuric acid. The hydrogen formed at the platinum electrode was immediately oxidized by the acid, turning it into water. This avoided the polarization which occurred in the early copper-zinc cells. It was a very powerful primary cell with a high voltage and a low internal resistance, but it produced objectionable fumes. Grove also invented his "gas battery", the earliest fuel cell, in which a current resulted from the chemical energy released from combining oxygen and hydrogen. This was developed by Rawcliffe and others, and found applications as a power source in manned spacecraft.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1872. FRS 1840. Fellow of the Chemistry Society 1841. Royal Society Royal Medal 1847.
    Bibliography
    1846, On the Correlation of Physical Forces, London; 1874, 6th edn, with reprints of many of Grove's papers (his only book, an early view on the conservation of energy).
    1839, "On a small voltaic battery of great energy", Philosophical Magazine 15:287–93 (his account of his cell).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1896, Electrician 37:483–4.
    K.R.Webb, 1961, "Sir William Robert Grove (1811–1896) and the origin of the fuel cell", Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry 85: 291–3 (for the present-day significance of Grove's experiments).
    C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1972, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V, New York, pp. 559–61.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Grove, Sir William Robert

  • 20 Berthollet, Claude-Louis

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 9 November 1748 Talloise, near Lake Annecy, France
    d. 6 November 1822 Arceuil, France
    [br]
    French chemist who made important innovations in textile chemistry.
    [br]
    Berthollet qualified as a medical doctor and pursued chemical researches, notably into "muriatic acid" (chlorine), then recently discovered by Scheele. He was one of the first chemists to embrace the new system of chemistry advanced by Lavoisier. Berthollet held several official appointments, among them inspector of dye works (from 1784) and Director of the Manufacture Nationale des Gobelins. These appointments enabled him to continue his researches and embark on a series of publications on the practical applications of chlorine, prussic acid (hydrocyanic acid) and ammonia. He clearly demonstrated the benefits of the French practice of appointing scientists to the state manufactories.
    There were two practical results of Berthollet's studies of chlorine. First, he produced a powerful explosive by substituting potassium chlorate, formed by the action of chlorine on potash, in place of nitre (potassium nitrate) in gunpowder. Then, mainly from humanitarian motives, he followed up Scheele's observation of the bleaching properties of chlorine water, in order to release for cultivation the considerable areas of land that had hitherto been required by the old bleaching process. The chlorine method greatly speeded up bleaching; this was a vital factor in the revolution in the textile industries.
    After a visit to Egypt in 1799, Berthollet carried out many experiments on dyeing, seeking to place this ancient craft onto a scientific basis. His work is summed up in his Eléments de l'art de la teinture, Paris, 1791.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1791, Eléments de Van de la teinture, Paris (covers his work on dyeing).
    Berthollet published two books of importance in the early history of physical chemistry: 1801, Recherches sur les lois de l'affinité, Paris.
    Annales de Chimie.
    Further Reading
    E.Farber, 1961, Great Chemists, New York: Interscience, pp. 32–4 (includes a short biographical account).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Berthollet, Claude-Louis

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